All versions of Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) feature illusions. Some monsters, such as lamias and djinn, and spellcasters—primarily illusionists and, to a lesser degree, magic-users—have the power to create illusions. Illusions often appear in dungeons to conceal something or discourage investigation, such as an illusory wall. They can be used for subterfuge or distraction. Some traps can produce illusory monsters that attack like real ones or simulate magical effects, such as dr

This is the fourth installment of Confounded Rules! Once more, it takes a close look at difficult, ambiguous, and little-known rules in First Edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D). Some rules suffered from obtuse or incomplete language, making it difficult for Dungeon Masters (DMs) and players to determine how they were intended to work. Over the game’s 12-year run, many rules evolved or were clarified in later books.

The Character Class Compendium has everything you need in one place. It covers every official First Edition character class—cavaliers, druids, magic-users… even two paladins: the original fighter subclass and the revised cavalier subclass.

This article presents a detailed, step-by-step walkthrough of the First Edition combat process, using a sample dungeon encounter to illustrate how surprise, initiative, spellcasting, movement, and combat resolution function in play. Where appropriate, notes identify the specific rulebook sections from which each procedure is drawn.